The culture is famous for its enduring monuments. Through war and trading, the city’s footprint reached most of Northern Africa, Western Asia, Continental Europe, Britain, and the Mediterranean islands. The people who settled the banks of Italy’s Tiber River then exploded, growing into the most powerful ancient empire ever seen.
Traditionally considered to have been founded in 753 B.C., Rome’s beginnings were that of a modest village. Major Highlights: Monumental architecture Original location: The Tiber River in Italy READ MORE: Aztec Empire and Aztec Gods 14. But Cortés returned again in 1521, and he tore Tenochtitlan to the ground, ending the Aztec civilization. The Aztec leader, Montezuma, died a suspicious death in custody, and not long after, the man’s nephew expelled the invaders. Led by the infamous Hernán Cortés, the conquistadors snowballed their numbers by enlisting the native enemies of the Aztecs, and massacred people at Tenochtitlan. The Spanish arrived on ships in 1517 and sparked epidemics, battles, and death with the locals. When the end came, it echoed sadly of the demise of the Incas. Plus, if you know the words “coyote,” “chocolate” and “avocado,” then congratulations! You’re speaking Nahuatl, the major language of the Aztecs. In addition, their economy was an ever-healthy beast during a good day, Tenochtitlan’s marketplace bustled with the activity of 50,000 people looking for a bargain. Besides acing agriculture, art, and architecture, their political and military excellence won the Aztecs nearly 6 million subjects from 500 city-states - each consisted of its own territory, and many that were conquered paid a tribute that boosted the Aztecs’ wealth. If the Aztecs were a cricket team, they’d be all-rounders. In 1325, the ambitious tribe built the heart of their civilization: a stunning capital city called Tenochtitlan that stood steady until 1521 and still serves as the foundation for modern-day Mexico City. Nobody knows for sure where they came from, but, ultimately, the Aztecs planted their flag in the south-central region of pre-Columbian Mexico. The birth of the Aztecs remains a mystery. Major Highlights: Highly advanced and complex society The Spanish used their superior weapons and strategies to steamroll over the fragile resistance that remained, and once the last emperor, Atahualpa, was executed, all that remained of the Inca was a page in history. With the rampant spread of disease, countless died from infection and the nation destabilized. The Spanish conquistadors that walked off of ships and onto South American soil brought with them a serious case of gold fever, as well as influenza and smallpox. Top-notch hydraulics also provided cities like Machu Picchu with stone fountains that brought fresh water from far away springs.īut the Inca Empire’s thirst to conquer was ironic, as the day came when a stronger foe wanted their territory. The snaking lines were so decently built that several pathways survive today, still in excellent condition. Messengers used a mindblowing network of roads and if their durability is anything to go by, Incan engineers certainly gave their modern counterparts a run for their money. Civilians enjoyed perks like freeze-dried foods and an effective mail system. The Inca are recognized as the geniuses who pieced Machu Picchu together, but they also did much more than that. They adored eating up weaker cultures and they quickly became an unstoppable force. This growth happened quickly, thanks to an unfortunate habit of the Inca - conquest. Between 14, the Inca people blossomed from a small tribe to being South America’s largest empire in the pre-Columbian era, and during its zenith, their borders even crept well into Ecuador and Chile. Peru gives history nerds an amazing place to start. Major Highlights: Machu Picchu, engineering excellence The Danubian Culture, or Linearbandkeramik Culture
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